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PianoKontext: Expressive Performance Rendering from Deadpan Context

Dmitrii Gavrilev

Accepted at the ICML 2026 Workshop on ML for Audio (Oral)

Comparison

10 scores from ASAP-MAESTRO dataset and generated performances.
For CFG Bridge, we synthesize performances using deadpan scores of fixed duration (11 s).
For PianoKontext, we synthesize performances using variable-length deadpan scores and durations derived from target human performances.

Score Deadpan Human CFG Bridge (Baseline) PianoKontext (Ours)
Liszt — Transcendental Etude no. 3
Schubert — Piano Sonata in A Major, D 664
Chopin — Etude Op. 10 No. 12 'Revolutionary'
J. S. Bach — Prelude and Fugue no. 13 in F-sharp major, BWV 858
J. S. Bach — Prelude and Fugue in G-sharp minor, BWV 863
Beethoven — Piano Sonata No. 16 in G Major, Op. 31 No. 1
Beethoven — Piano Sonata No. 18 In E Flat Major, Op. 31, No. 3
Beethoven — Piano Sonata No. 3 in C Major, Op. 2 No. 3: II. Adagio
Beethoven — Piano Sonata No. 18 In E Flat Major, Op. 31, No. 3: IV. Presto con fuoco
Rachmaninoff — Prelude Op. 23 No. 6 in E flat major

Duration Factor

PianoKontext is capable of generating performances with predefined target duration. We provide an example of generated performances with durations set relative to the score.

Condition Deadpan Human Duration factor=0.8 Duration factor=1 Duration factor=1.2
Debussy — Pour le piano